Biopolym. Cell. 2013; 29(3):188-206.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.000819
Огляди
Біосенсори. Чверть століття досвіду науково-дослідних розробок
1Солдаткін О. П., 1Дзядевич С. В., 1Корпан Я. І., 1Сергеєва Т. А., 1Архипова В. М., 1Білоіван О. А., 1Солдаткін О. О., 1Шкотова Л. В., 1Зінченко О. А., 1Пєшкова В. М., 1Саяпіна О. Я., 1Марченко С. В., 1Єльська А. В.
  1. Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України
    Вул. Академіка Заболотного, 150, Київ, Україна, 03680

Abstract

Представлено огляд виконаних у лабораторії біомолекулярної электроніки досліджень в області розробки біосенсорів на основі електрохімічних перетворювачів (амперо- і кондуктометричні електроди, потеціометричні рН-чутливі польові транзистори) і різних біорозпізнавальних молекул (ферменти, клітини, антитіла), біоміміків або синтетичних мембран, включаючи матричні полімери, як чутливих елементів для прямого аналізу субстратів або інгібіторного аналізу токсинів. Завдяки високій специфічності і чутливості, простоті та низькій вартості визначення різних речовин біосенсори є перспективними приладами для потреб охорони здоров’я, контролю довкілля, біотехнології, сільського господарства і харчової промисловості. Розроблено й досліджено біосенсори для прямого визначення низки аналітів та інгібіторного аналізу різних токсичних речовин. Поліпшення їхніх аналітичних характеристик можна досягти за рахунок застосування диференційного режиму вимірювань, негативно або позитивно заряджених допоміжних напівпроникних мембран, наноматеріалів різного походження, генетично модифікованих ферментів тощо. Використання цих підходів зробить можливим підвищити чутливість, селективність і стабільність біосенсорів, а також розширити динамічний діапазон вимірювань. Упродовж останніх 25 років виготовлено більш як 50 лабораторних прототипів біосенсорних систем на основі моно- і мультибіосенсорів для прямого визначення різноманітних метаболітів та інгібіторного аналізу токсикантів. Деякі з них випробувано за умов аналізу реальних зразків. В огляді обговорено переваги і недоліки розроблених біосенсорів та розглянуто можливості їхнього практичного застосування.
Keywords: електрохімічний біосенсор, іммобілізований фермент, субстрат, інгібітор, мультибіосенсор
Повний текст: (PDF, англійською)

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