Biopolym. Cell. 2000; 16(3):159-185.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.000564
Огляди
Геномна мінливість соматичних клітин рослин. 6. Мінливість та добір у процесі адаптації до умов вирощування in vitro
1Кунах В. А.
  1. Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України
    Вул. Академіка Заболотного, 150, Київ, Україна, 03680

Abstract

Зроблено огляд даних щодо динаміки генетичної структури клітинних популяцій, а також ролі і особливостей дії добору в процесі адаптації клітин до умов вирощування in vitro. Розгля­нуто вплив умов вирощування, роль генотипу, фітогормонів та інших чинників, що регулюють мінливість і напрямок дії добору. Показано, що адаптація клітин рослин є багатоступе­невим процесом. На перших етапах культивування спосте­рігається фізіологічна адаптація до умов росту in vitro, пізніше відбуваються процеси генетичної адаптації, що прояв­ляється в зміні генетичної структури клітинних популяцій. В репрезентативних вибірках штамів у процесі адаптації спо­стерігаються всі типи еволюції генетичної структури попу­ляцій – дивергенція, конвергенція і паралелізм. Виділено три періоди в процесі адаптації: первинної популяції ізольованих клітин, становлення штаму, сформованого штаму. Поділ на періоди визначається типом, напрямом та жорсткістю добо­ру, що діє в клітинній популяції Для сформованих (адаптова­них) штамів характерною є наявність фізіологічного і гене­тичного гомеостазу, обумовленого здебільшого дією стабі­лізуючого добору. Зроблено висновок стосовно того, що адап­тація клітин до умов тривалого вирощування у пасивованій культурі – це процес формування нової біологічної системи в результаті дії основних рушійних факторів еволюції – мін­ливості, спадковості, добору і, очевидно, дрейфу генів (гено­типів). Загалом вивчене явище може являти собою модель глибокої (але зворотної) регресивної еволюції біологічної сис­теми — від багатоклітинного рівня до одноклітинного
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