Biopolym. Cell. 2016; 32(4):245-261.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.000927
Огляди
Механізми репарації ДНК у мітохондріях
1Сингатуліна А. Ш., 1Пестряков П. Є.
  1. Інститут хімичної біології і фундаментальної медицини СО РАН
    пр. ак. Лаврентьєва, 8, Новосибірськ, Російська Федерація, 630090

Abstract

Роль мітохондрій у метаболізмі та функціонуванні клітини важко переоцінити. Мітохондрії виконують безліч функцій, голо-вною з яких є напрацювання АТР, енергетичної "валюти" клітини. Мітохондрії мають невелику кільцеву ДНК, що кодує 13 білків. Мітохондріальна ДНК, мтДНК, також як і ядерна, знаходиться під різноманітними діями з боку навколишнього середовища і ендогенних факторів. Раніше вважалося, що системи репарації ДНК в мітохондріях відсутні, пошкоджені молекули мтДНК деградують, а реплікація і транскрипція мтДНК відбуваються з непошкоджених молекул, чому сприяє многокопійность мтДНК. Першим механізмом репарації, виявленим в мітохондріях, є система ексцизійної репарації основ, BER. Пізніше було знайдено систему репарації помилково спарених основ, MMR. Є дані про наявність системи репарації однониткових розривів, SSBR, гомологичной і негомологичной рекомбінації дволанцюгових розривів, елімінації премутагенних дезоксинуклеотидов з пулу дезоксинуклеотидов, деградації пошкодженої мтДНК, але механізми роботи цих систем ще не відомі або мало вивчені. Функціонування мітохондрій безпосередньо залежить від цілісності мтДНК, а отже, від коректної роботи систем її репарації. Пошук нових учасників репарації мтДНК становить значний інтерес і є предметом активних досліджень. У цьому огляді представлені дані про пошкодження мтДНК і механізмах їхньої репарації.
Keywords: Мітохондріальна ДНК, системи репарації мтДНК, пошкодження мтДНК
Повний текст: (PDF, англійською)

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