Aim. To assess the effect of five times treatment with gold and silver nanoparticles on the enterocytes cell death of the iliac section of the small intestine in mice. Conclusions. It was found, that the treatment with both gold and silver nanoparticles results in increase of death of enterocytes of the ileum of the small intestine in mice. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify the dose, frequency and method of treatment with such nanosystems.