Biopolym. Cell. 2022; 38(2):117-142.
Discussions
About MSC
1Kordium V. A., 1Irodov D. M.
  1. Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine
    150, Akademika Zabolotnoho Str., Kyiv, Ukraine, 03143

Abstract

The interest in MSCs is rapidly growing due to their possible and actual therapeutic properties. In terms of scientific studies and clinical application, primary attention is paid to the issues, related to the use of MSCs as a therapeutic means. Successful advance in this direction requires the understanding of the place of MSCs in the organism and those factors which caused the need for the evolutionary manifestation of the functions performed by special cells – MSCs. Thus, current notions about the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of MSCs are considered here. These notions are compared to the experimental data about the phenomenology of therapeutic effects, registered after the administration of MSCs into the organism as a therapeutic means. The information on the special role of MSCs in the organism is analyzed, and the idea is formed about the essence of this special role. Based on the conducted analysis, the suggestion is made about directing the studies into enhancing the therapeutic effects of MSCs as a potentially highly efficient medicinal agent.
Keywords: MSC

References

[1] Metzler DE. Biochemistry The chemical reactions of living cells. Academic Press; Edn 2nd Elsevier. 2003, 1973p.
[2] Feldmann RE Jr, Bieback K, Maurer MH, Kalenka A, Bürgers HF, Gross B, Hunzinger C, Klüter H, Kuschinsky W, Eichler H. Stem cell proteomes: a profile of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood. Electrophoresis. 2005;26(14):2749-58.
[3] Princiotta MF, Finzi D, Qian SB, Gibbs J, Schuchmann S, Buttgereit F, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW. Quantitating protein synthesis, degradation, and endogenous antigen processing. Immunity. 2003;18(3):343-54.
[4] Arandjelovic S, Ravichandran KS. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in homeostasis. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(9):907-17.
[5] Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body. PLoS Biol. 2016;14(8):e1002533.
[6] Schulz C, Gomez Perdiguero E, Chorro L, Szabo-Rogers H, Cagnard N, Kierdorf K, Prinz M, Wu B, Jacobsen SE, Pollard JW, Frampton J, Liu KJ, Geissmann F. A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells. Science. 2012;336(6077):86-90.
[7] Sieweke MH, Allen JE. Beyond stem cells: self-renewal of differentiated macrophages. Science. 2013;342(6161):1242974.
[8] Shrivastava R, Shukla N. Attributes of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Life Sci. 2019;224:222-231.
[9] Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Lalykina KS. The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1970;3(4):393-403.
[10] Galipeau J, Krampera M, Barrett J, Dazzi F, Deans RJ, DeBruijn J, Dominici M, Fibbe WE, Gee AP, Gimble JM, Hematti P, Koh MB, LeBlanc K, Martin I, McNiece IK, Mendicino M, Oh S, Ortiz L, Phinney DG, Planat V, Shi Y, Stroncek DF, Viswanathan S, Weiss DJ, Sensebe L. International Society for Cellular Therapy perspective on immune functional assays for mesenchymal stromal cells as potency release criterion for advanced phase clinical trials. Cytotherapy. 2016;18(2):151-9.
[11] Caplan AI. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Time to Change the Name! Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(6):1445-51.
[12] Hui EE, Bhatia SN. Micromechanical control of cell-cell interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(14):5722-6.
[13] Meirelles Lda S, Fontes AM, Covas DT, Caplan AI. Mechanisms involved in the therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stem cells. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009;20(5-6):419-27.
[14] Shen M, Chen T. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Potential Agents in Hematological Diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:4539453.
[15] Thalakiriyawa DS, Jayasooriya PR, Dissanayaka WL. Regenerative Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Curr Mol Med. 2022;22(2):98-119.
[16] Sinclair KA, Yerkovich ST, Hopkins PM, Chambers DC. Characterization of intercellular communication and mitochondrial donation by mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the human lung. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016;7(1):91.
[17] Prockop DJ, Gregory CA, Spees JL. One strategy for cell and gene therapy: harnessing the power of adult stem cells to repair tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):11917-23.
[18] Kemp K, Gordon D, Wraith DC, Mallam E, Hartfield E, Uney J, Wilkins A, Scolding N. Fusion between human mesenchymal stem cells and rodent cerebellar Purkinje cells. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2011;37(2):166-78.
[19] de Witte SFH, Luk F, Sierra Parraga JM, Gargesha M, Merino A, Korevaar SS, Shankar AS, O'Flynn L, Elliman SJ, Roy D, Betjes MGH, Newsome PN, Baan CC, Hoogduijn MJ. Immunomodulation By Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) Is Triggered Through Phagocytosis of MSC By Monocytic Cells. Stem Cells. 2018;36(4):602-65.
[20] Galipeau J, Sensébé L. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Clinical Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cell Stem Cell. 2018;22(6):824-83.
[21] Wagner W, Feldmann RE Jr, Seckinger A, Maurer MH, Wein F, Blake J, Krause U, Kalenka A, Bürgers HF, Saffrich R, Wuchter P, Kuschinsky W, Ho AD. The heterogeneity of human mesenchymal stem cell preparations--evidence from simultaneous analysis of proteomes and transcriptomes. Exp Hematol. 2006;34(4):536-48.
[22] Waterman RS, Tomchuck SL, Henkle SL, Betancourt AM. A new mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) paradigm: polarization into a pro-inflammatory MSC1 or an Immunosuppressive MSC2 phenotype. PLoS One. 2010;5(4):e10088.
[23] Rymar S, Pikus P, Buchek P, Shuvalova N, Pokholenko Ia, Irodov D, Kordium V. Comparison of the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSC intravenous delivery and intraperitoneal administration of MSCs encapsulated in alginate capsules for the treatment of rat liver cirrhosis. bioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 2021.
[24] Moll G, Geißler S, Catar R, Ignatowicz L, Hoogduijn MJ, Strunk D, Bieback K, Ringdén O. Cryopreserved or Fresh Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Only a Matter of Taste or Key to Unleash the Full Clinical Potential of MSC Therapy? Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;951:77-98.
[25] Galleu A, Riffo-Vasquez Y, Trento C, Lomas C, Dolcetti L, Cheung TS, von Bonin M, Barbieri L, Halai K, Ward S, Weng L, Chakraverty R, Lombardi G, Watt FM, Orchard K, Marks DI, Apperley J, Bornhauser M, Walczak H, Bennett C, Dazzi F. Apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cells induces in vivo recipient-mediated immunomodulation. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9(416):eaam7828.
[26] de Girolamo L, Lucarelli E, Alessandri G, Avanzini MA, Bernardo ME, Biagi E, Brini AT, D'Amico G, Fagioli F, Ferrero I, Locatelli F, Maccario R, Marazzi M, Parolini O, Pessina A, Torre ML, Italian Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: a new ''cells as drugs'' paradigm. Efficacy and critical aspects in cell therapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(13):2459-73.
[27] He Q, Wan C, Li G. Concise review: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in blood. Stem Cells. 2007;25(1):69-77. .
[28] Crisan M, Yap S, Casteilla L, Chen CW, Corselli M, Park TS, Andriolo G, Sun B, Zheng B, Zhang L, Norotte C, Teng PN, Traas J, Schugar R, Deasy BM, Badylak S, Buhring HJ, Giacobino JP, Lazzari L, Huard J, Péault B. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008;3(3):301-13.
[29] Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell. 2006;126(4):663-76.
[30] Keating A. Mesenchymal stromal cells: new directions. Cell Stem Cell. 2012;10(6):709-716.
[31] Braun J, Kurtz A, Barutcu N, Bodo J, Thiel A, Dong J. Concerted regulation of CD34 and CD105 accompanies mesenchymal stromal cell derivation from human adventitial stromal cell. Stem Cells Dev. 2013;22(5):815-27.