Biopolymers and cell. 2005; 21 (2): 107 - 133

Genetic and epigenetic control of plant growth and development. Genes of auxin biosynthesis and auxin-regulated genes controlling plant cell division and extension

V. A. Tsygankova, L. A. Galkina, L. I. Musatenko, K. M. Sytnik

In the review a spectrum of enzymes' genes determining different ways of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis identified at Arabidopsis is given: the TRP1 gene of antranilat phosphoribosyltransferase 1, TRP3 gene of tryptophane synthase and family NIT genes of nitrilase, catalysing tryptophane-independent way of IAA biosynthesis from precursor indole-3-acetonitrile; CYP79B and CYP83B1 genes (members of family cytochromes P450 genes), controlling IAA biosynthesis from tryptophane; the enzymes' genes, catalysing of the IAA biosynthesis from indole-3-butyric acid: the PXA1 and PEX14 genes of peroxisomal membrane proteins - the ABC-ATPas family members, the PEX5 and PEX7 genes of cytoplasmic protein receptors, genes of peroxisomal matrix proteins-enzymes (acx3 gene of acyl-CoA oxidase, aim1 gene of multifunctional protein and ped1 gene of thiolase); enzymes' genes catalysing synthesis of IAA-conjugates and their hydrolysis - the genes of IAGLc synthase, IAInos transferase, serin carboxypeptidase-like IAInos acyltransferase and IAR3 gene of IAA-Ala hydrolase. The nomenclature and classification of the auxin-regulated genes responsible for the cell division are presented: cyclin genes and activated by them cyclin-dependent protein kinases, as well as genes of numerous family of mitogen-activated protein kinases. The auxin-induced genes of enzymes participating in biosynthesis and hydrolysis of polysaccharides components of plant cell walls in the period of their growth by extension are considered in detail: the EI gene of endo-1,3:1,4-b-D-glucanase and EXOII gene of exo-b-D-glucanase, numerous families XET genes of xyloglucan endotransglycosylases, ZeEXP genes of expansins, AtFUT genes of xyloglucan-specific b-1,6- and b-1,2-fucosyltransferases and glycosyltransferases, CSL genes of xyloglucan glucan synthases and b-1,4-mannan synthases, MUR genes xyloglucan galactosyltransferases as well as AtXT1 gene and homologous AtGT2-7 genes xyloglucan xylosyltransferases at Arabidopsis; the XS1 gene of xylansynthase at rice, and also GS1 gene of glucansynthase at corn. A possible role of cell wall protein - extensin (encoded by the auxin-regulated HRGP gene) in the plants defence from pathogens and unfavourable factors of external environment is discussed.

Key words: genes of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis; auxin-regulated genes responsible for plant cell division and extension.