Biopolymers and cell. Volume 20. № 6. 451-471.

V. A. Tsygankova, L. A. Galkina L. I. Musatenko, K. M. Sytnik

Genetical and epigenetical control of plant growth and development. Genes of photomorphogenesis and regulation of their expression by light

Summary

The review is devoted to the analysis of literary data discovering mechanisms of light signals perception by plant cells and their realization on a genetic level. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of photoreceptors, i. e. effectors, which perceive light signals, and their classification according to the functional role are presented: 1) the red/far-red light-absorbing phytochromes and red light-perceiving chlorophyll; 2) the blue/UV-A/UV-B selectively light-absorbing photoreceptors: cryptochromes, phototropins and carotenoids as well as data about genes encoding photoreceptors phytochromes (PHYA-PHYE genes), cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2 genes) and phototropins (NPH and NPL1 genes) in Arabidopsis. The greatest attention in the review is assigned to the consideration on concrete genes, the expression of which is regulated by light signals through phytochrome A (FHY1, FHY3, SPA1, FIN2, FIN219, FAR1 genes); phytochrome B (RED1, PEF2, PEF3, PKS1, ATHB-2 genes) as well as through both phytochrome A and phytochrome B (PEF1, PSI2, PIF3, NDPK2, HY5, Elip genes). The data about discovering new genes: COP1, DET1, COP9, COP10 and SHL genes-the negative regulators of morphogenesis at dark, that act downstream of both phytochromes and cryptochromes are presented. The information concerns also the identification of the numerous genes referred to molecular physiological clock (endogenous oscillator) signaling components, which are involved in transducing the environmental signals to oscillator: ZTL, FKF1, LKP2, TOC1, CCA1, LHY, ELF3, GL, PHYA-PHYE, CRY1 and CRY2 genes as well  s signaling components, which perceive information from oscillator: CAB2, CCR2, CAT3, psbA, psbD. The evidences about signal interaction of phytochromes and phytohormones are presented.